Page 110 - Birmingham City Schools 2020-2021

SOCIAL STUDIES
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
• President
Leader of the country and Commander in Chief of the military.
• Vice President
President of the Senate. Becomes president if the president can no longer do the job.
• Departments
Department heads advise the president on issues and help carry out policies.
• Independent Agencies
Help carry out policy or provide special services.
The Judicial Branch of government is made up of the court system. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land. Article III of the Constitution established this Court. All other Federal courts were created by Congress. Courts decide arguments about the meaning of laws, how they are applied, and whether they break the rules of the Constitution.
The Supreme Court
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. The Supreme Court hears cases that have made their way through the court system, but of the more than 7,500 cases that are sent to the Supreme Court each year, only about 80 to 100 cases are actually accepted. Once the Supreme Court makes a decision, it can only be changed by another Supreme Court decision or by amending (changing) the Constitution. This is a very important power that can affect the lives of a lot of people. Also, since the main power of the Supreme Court
is to decide cases that challenge the Constitution, the Court must decide if the case they receive really challenges the Constitution.
The Supreme Court is made up of nine Justices, one of whom is the Chief Justice. They are appointed by the president and must be approved by the Senate. Justices have their jobs for life, unless they resign, retire, or are impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate (the removal process as described by the Constitution).
There are no requirements in order to be appointed a Justice, but all have been trained in the law. Many Justices served as members of Congress, governors, or members of the President’s Cabinet. One president, William Howard Taft, was later appointed Chief Justice.
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The Executive Branch of government makes sure that the laws of the United States are obeyed. The President of the United States is the head of the Executive Branch of government. This branch is very large so the president gets help from the Vice President, department heads (Cabinet members), and heads of independent agencies.